Objective: To establish the effectiveness of mandibular canine index in predicting sex in Western Uttar Pradesh population. Materials and Methods: 200 subjects belonging to Western Uttar Pradesh population (100 males; 100 females) in the age group of 17-25 yrs were included. Impressions were made with alginate and study models prepared with dental stone. Maximum mesiodistal diameter of mandibular canines and the linear distance between tips of mandibular canines were measured using a Vernier caliper. Observed mandibular canine index (MCI_o) was calculated as the ratio between the maximum mesiodistal width of mandibular canine and canine arc width. Results: Left canine exhibited greater sexual dimorphism i.e. 9.05% as compared with right canine i.e. 8.782%. Sex could be predicted correctly in approximately 70% of subjects examined. Conclusion: With the standard MCI it was possible to detect sex in the population of Western Uttar Pradesh to an extent of about 72%. Hence it is considered as a quick, easy and reproducible method for determining the sex of an individual.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinomas of oral mucosa are uncommon. Majority of them can be differentiated from squamous cell carcinoma by their aggressive clinical course and their histopathological features. This case report presents a case of 70-year-old male with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma involving the floor of the mouth.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the maxilla is a soft tissue sarcoma classically described under small round blue cell tumors. This tumor is commonly seen in the chest, pelvis, abdomen, and extremities; and rarely in dura, ovaries, cervix, etc. These tumors are rare in the head and neck area. We report a case of a 3-year-old girl presenting with a PNET of the maxilla.

The odontogenic fibroma is a relatively rare, slow-growing, benign odontogenic neoplasm of the jaws, with the potential to recur after excision. It may occur either intraosseously or as a localized gingival overgrowth, in which case it may be mistaken for other more common exophytic gingival lesions. This paper reinforces the importance of radiographic and histological examination for exophytic gingival lesions by describing a recurrent peripheral odontogenic fibroma, presenting in 1986, 1992, and 2003, accompanied on this last occasion by a separate but co-located, central odontogenic fibroma in the underlying alveolar process.

A 35-year-old woman was presented with diffuse, sessile, firm, and exophytic lesions in molar premolar region in both the jaws. The patient had poor oral hygiene, with grade I mobility of first molars in both the jaws. Orthopantamograph showed horizontal bone loss in relation to the same. A clinical diagnosis of hyperplastic gingivitis was made. Incisional biopsies followed by microscopic examination revealed a pattern of peripheral odontogenic fibroma (WHO type). Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POdF) is characteristically described as a solitary neoplasm, and very few cases of diffuse peripheral odontogenic fibroma have been reported in literature. Despite the rarity of POdF presenting as a diffuse lesion, the lesion should be included as a possible differential diagnosis of diffuse single or multiple gingival lesions.

Neurofibroma is a non-circumscribed, thick and irregular benign tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath. On the skin, the diffuse and soft nature of neurofibroma often resembles "a bag of worms". It can develop at any point along a nerve and often form by late adolescence. Although neurofibromas occur predominantly as a feature of neurofibromatosis affecting the soft tissue, a few cases of solitary intraoral neurofibromas have also been reported. Solitary intraosseous neurofibroma in the oral cavity is a rare benign tumor with very few cases reported in literature. This case report presents a case of intraosseous solitary neurofibroma of maxilla in a 5-month-old male child due to the rarity of this tumor at this site in very early age, along with a discussion of its clinical, radiological, and histopathological presentation.

Cystic hygroma is a benign congenital malformation of the lymphatic system that occurs in infants or children younger than 2 years. Herein, we present a case of recurrent cystic hygroma in a 22-year-old woman. History revealed that she had a similar lesion in the left submandibular region when she was 2 years old and in the thyroid region seven years back. This case has been reported for its unusual occurrence in an adult, showing recurrences at different sites and presence of calcification.

Warthin's tumor is a well-defined benign salivary gland neoplasm consisting of both epithelial and lymphoid components. Malignant transformation is extremely rare and the differential diagnosis of metastasis of an epidermoid carcinoma to Warthin's tumor is important. We present a case with squamous cell carcinoma arising in unilateral Warthin's tumor of parotid gland in a 16-year-old female patient.

Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma usually involves lymph nodes but can also involve extranodal sites. Oral lymphomas are relatively rare and often difficult to diagnose in a clinical setting. We present a case of a patient of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the hard palate who had undergone external beam radiation therapy and was found to be well 1 year following treatment. Case presentation: A 43-year-old male attended the Community Oncology Division of Regional Cancer Centre with complaints of painless swelling on the right side of face of three months' duration. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed irregular destruction of the hard palate towards the right side of the midline with adjacent soft tissue component. Histopathology report confirmed the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma. He was given radical external beam radiation therapy (40 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks). Clinical examination at the end of radiation revealed complete disappearance of the palatal swelling. Conclusion: Oral lymphomas are relatively rare and often difficult to diagnose as the clinical features mimic other pathological entities such as periodontal disease, osteomyelitis, and other malignancies. A careful clinical evaluation supported by radiologic and histopathologic investigations will help in identifying the disease at an early stage, which will result in better prognosis.

'Dens in dente,' also known as dens invaginatus, is a developmental anomaly resulting from deepening or invagination of the enamel organ into the dental papilla, which begins at the crown and often extends to the root before calcification of the dental tissues. Dens in dente commonly occur in the maxillary lateral incisor. This article reports a case of dens in dente in the maxillary third molar.